What is Dry Skin?

Dry Skin” is used to describe a skin type that produces less sebum than normal skin. As a consequence of the lack of sebum, dry skin lacks the lipids it needs to retain moisture and form a protective shield against external influences. This leads to a deterioration of the barrier function.

Dry skin (xerosis) exists in varying degrees of intensity and in different forms that cannot always be clearly distinguished from each other.

Significantly more women than men have dry skin and all skin types become drier as they age. Problems related to dry skin are a common condition and account for 40% of visits to dermatologists.

 

 

Causes of dry skin

Skin hydration depends on the supply of water to the deeper layers of the skin and also depends on perspiration.

The skin is constantly losing water by:

  • Perspiration: active water loss from the glands caused by heat, stress and activity.
  • Transepidermal water loss (TPL): the natural, passive way in which the skin diffusely loses about half a liter of water per day from the deeper layers of the skin.

 

Dry skin is caused by a lack of:

  • Natural moisturizing factors (NMFs): especially urea, amino acids and lactic acid - which facilitate the task of binding water.
  • Epidermal lipids such as ceramides: fatty acids and cholesterol that are necessary for healthy barrier function.

 

As a result, dermal barrier function can be compromised. A feeling of tightness and rough skin often indicate the presence of dry skin. Older women with dry skin have more pronounced wrinkles and lines.

 

Identifying the different degrees of dry skin

Dry skin ranges from skin that is slightly drier than normal to extremely dry skin to very dry skin.

The differences can usually be distinguished as follows:

 

Dry skin

Slightly dry skin can feel tight, fragile and rough and has a dull appearance. Skin elasticity is also weak. Very dry skin If the dryness is not treated, the skin may present:

  • Mild flaking or lamellar consistency.
  • Rough or blotchy appearance (sometimes looking prematurely aged).
  • Sensation of tightness.
  • Possible itching.
  • It is also more sensitive to irritation, redness and risk of infection.

 

Extremely dry skin

Certain body areas, especially hands, feet, elbows and knees, are prone to:

  • Asperity.
  • Cracked appearance with a tendency to form cracks (crevices).
  • Calluses.
  • Desquamation.
  • Frequent itching.
  • Extremely dry skin is most commonly found in the elderly or on severely dehydrated hands.
  • The soles of the feet tend to become dry and cracked.

 

Tips to Combat Dry Skin

  1. Regular Moisturizing: Use an appropriate moisturizer after bathing and before going to bed. Opt for products containing ceramides, hyaluronic acid, or glycerin.
  2. Avoid Prolonged Hot Baths: Prefer warm water and don't spend too much time in the shower.
  3. Choose the Right Soap: Use mild, fragrance-free soaps to avoid irritation.
  4. Humidifiers: Use a humidifier at home, especially during winter, to add moisture to the air.
  5. Sun Protection: Apply sunscreen daily, even on cloudy days. Sun exposure can further dry out the skin.

 

Home Remedies

  • Coconut Oil: Excellent for deep hydration.
  • Oatmeal: Oatmeal baths can help soothe irritated skin.
  • Honey: A great natural moisturizer with antibacterial properties.

 

When to See a Dermatologist

If basic care doesn't work, or if you notice cracks, bleeding, or persistent redness, it's important to consult a dermatologist. They can recommend more specific treatments.

 

Conclusion

Caring for dry skin may require adjustments to your daily routine, but with the right measures, it's possible to keep your skin hydrated and healthy. Don't forget to drink plenty of water and take good care of your diet.

 

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